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History of Newcastle, New South Wales : ウィキペディア英語版 | History of Newcastle, New South Wales
This article details the history of Newcastle, New South Wales from the first human activity in the region to the 20th century. == Pre-European settlement == The lower Hunter Region had been originally inhabited by the Awabakal, Worimi, Wonnarua, Geawegal, Birrpai and Darkinjung Aboriginal tribes until the first European settlement in 1797. Indigenous people called the area Mulubinba, after an indigenous fern called the mulubin. Archaeological evidence exists that human beings have inhabited the landscape of Newcastle for at least 6500 years. In 2009, an Aboriginal hearth and factory were uncovered at the site of the former Palais Royale. Over 5,534 Aboriginal artefacts were recovered, representing three Aboriginal occupation periods dating from 6,716 - 6,502 years BP (before present) and identified as a site of ‘high to exceptional cultural and scientific significance’. 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Aboriginal Archaeological Report for former Palais site released )〕 Over the millennia, the artefacts manufactured there, on what came to be known as Cottage Creek, were probably traded across the region, and across many tribal territories. The Reverend Lancelot Threlkeld, a missionary stationed at Newcastle and Lake Macquarie during the 1820s onwards, recorded that the Aboriginal people of the Newcastle Tribe were called Mulubinbakal (men) and Mulubinbakalleen (female). Since 1892, the Indigenous people of Newcastle have come to be known as the Awabakal.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=La Divina Commedia Di Mulubinba: The Art and Science of Time Travel )〕
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